![]() ![]() That is why we have intensively curated a collection of premium small-group trips as an invitation to meet and connect with new, like-minded people for once-in-a-lifetime experiences in three categories: Culture Trips, Rail Trips and Private Trips. Increasingly we believe the world needs more meaningful, real-life connections between curious travellers keen to explore the world in a more responsible way. We are proud that, for more than a decade, millions like you have trusted our award-winning recommendations by people who deeply understand what makes certain places and communities so special. ![]() Since you are here, we would like to share our vision for the future of travel - and the direction Culture Trip is moving in.Ĭulture Trip launched in 2011 with a simple yet passionate mission: to inspire people to go beyond their boundaries and experience what makes a place, its people and its culture special and meaningful - and this is still in our DNA today. In 1853 a fog was described as ‘grey-yellow, of a deep orange, and even black.’ What would be a white mist in the country, one newspaper commented in 1901, ‘becomes a brown, sometimes almost black, one in the metropolis’ ‘Our myriad chimneys pour forth smoke - or innumerable particles of unconsumed carbon - producing the effect of mud in water.’ Joseph Ashby-Sterry (1838 – 1917), in his poem November, wrote succinctly. Soot particles could change the colour from yellow to brown in patches. In a genuine London fog, as the writer Edward Frederic Benson (1867 – 1940) noted in his novel Image in the Sand (1905), ‘swirls of orange- coloured vapour were momentarily mixed with the black,’ and ‘all shades from deepest orange to the pale gray of dawn succeeded one another.’ Later scientists studied the colours of the fogs in order to work out what caused them. True London fog was thick, persistent, and above all basically, though not exclusively, yellow in colour. Other parts of the country were growing fast during these decades too, and other centres of industry also suffered from polluted air: the ‘Black Country’ in the West Midlands got its name around this time from the soot and smoke that covered it Edinburgh had for many years been known by its soubriquet ‘Auld Reekie.’ But there was nothing quite like London fog. As hundreds of thousands of people flocked to the capital to find work or make their fortune, new suburbs emerged, extending the city’s housing in all directions and every house had its coal fire, belching quantities of sulphur-laden smoke into the air during the winter months. Helped by the growth of communications - canals, metalled roads, and by the 1830s railways as well - London was becoming an economic hub, with industries typical of a major city, such as paper, printing and publishing, instrument engineering, gas and power, chemicals, leather and luxury goods, and, even more important in terms of population growth, public administration, the law, and professions and services of many kinds. ![]() London’s population, around a million in 1800, had grown to one and a half million twenty years later and passed the two million mark in the 1830s. And in the 1820s and 1830s smoke and soot from coal fires were spreading through the air in ever-increasing quantities as the city began to grow apace with the impact of the industrial revolution. The more smoke and soot in the atmosphere, the more likely a fog was to form and the longer it was likely to last. The reason for the increase in the number of foggy days in London town was not some change in the climate but a rapid increase in the quantity of pollutants, above all from coal fires, that mixed with naturally occurring water vapour at times of temperature inversion to create a London fog, coloured yellow from the sulphurous emissions trapped beneath the cold air above the city. ![]()
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